Variable fields:

The data in a MARC record is organized into variable fields, each identified by a three-character numeric tag that is stored in the Directory entry for the field.  Each field ends with a field terminator character.  The last variable field in a record ends with both a field terminator and a record terminator (ASCII 1D hex).

Variable refers to the fact that a field may vary in length and content, depending on the field and the MARC format.  There are two types of variable fields:  variable control fields (00X fields) and variable data fields (0XX-8XX fields).

For more information, see:

Variable Control Fields

Variable Data Fields