4B. Place of publication
4B1. Give the most prominently indicated (generally the first) place of publication, distribution, or printing as the place of publication. Transcribe it as found in the source of information used. If the place of publication appears together with the name of a larger jurisdiction (e.g., country, state, or similar designation), transcribe this as well. When supplying a place name, as opposed to transcribing it from a source, use an English form of name if there is one. Example
4B2. Include in the transcription any prepositions appearing before the name of the principal place of publication, as well as accompanying words or phrases associated with the name. Example
4B3. If considered necessary for identification, supply in square brackets the modern form of the name of the place. Example
4B4. Supply the name of the country, state, province, etc., after the name of the place if it is considered necessary for identification, or if it is considered necessary to distinguish the place from others of the same name. Apply the abbreviations appearing in AACR2, appendix B. Example
4B5. If a place name is found only in an abbreviated form in the source, transcribe it as found, and add the full form or complete the name. Example
4B6. If the source of information shows two or more places and all are related to the same publisher, record all in the order in which they appear. Do not, however, transcribe a second (or subsequent) place as a place of publication if it must be recorded as part of another element (cf. 4B8 ). Example 1
If multiple places appear in more than one source, make a note for those not found in the particular source chosen for transcription of this element. Example 2
4B7. When the publication is one issued in more than a single physical part, and the place of publication changes in the course of publication, give the place of publication of the later part(s) in a note. Example
4B8. When the place of publication appears only as part of another area and is recorded there, or appears only as part of the publisher statement and is recorded there, add (in square brackets) the place of publication as the first element of the publication, etc., area. Use an English form of name if there is one. Example
4B9. When the place of publication given in the source is known to be fictitious or incorrect, add a correction in square brackets and give the basis for the correction in a note. If, however, a full imprint consisting of place, publisher, and date is fictitious, apply 4A4 . Example
4B10. When no place of publication is given in the source, supply (in square brackets) as the place of publication the location of the most prominently indicated entity (publisher, distributor, or printer) or that of the first mentioned one. When there is doubt about prominence, prefer the location of the printer for 15th or early 16th century publications, otherwise that of the publisher or distributor. If the name of the place has changed over time, supply the name appropriate to the date of publication if possible, e.g., St. Petersburg (not Leningrad) for works published in that city before 1914. Provide a justification for the supplied place in the note area if necessary. Example
4B11. Supply (in square brackets) the name of the place of publication when only an address or sign appears in the publication. (Record the address or sign within the publisher statement; cf. 4C4 .) When supplying the place, give a justification in the note area if necessary. Example
4B12. When the place of publication is uncertain, supply the name of the probable place with a question mark (in all square brackets). Example 1
When no probable city of publication can be given, supply the name or the probable name of the state, province, or country as the place of publication, with a question mark if necessary (all in square brackets). Example 2
If, when supplying a place of publication, the reason for supplying the place is not apparent from the rest of the description, give in a note the source of such information. Example 3
When no place or probable place can be supplied, give the abbreviation "s.l." (sine loco), in square brackets. Example 4
4B13. When the name of the place of publication appears in more than one language or script, give the statement in the language or script of the title proper , or if this criterion does not apply, give the statement that appears first. Use the mark of omission for statement omitted. Give the parallel statement in a note, if desired.
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