451 See From Tracing - Geographic Name

Field definition and scope:

Field 451 contains a tracing for a geographic name see from reference. It is used in an established heading record or an established heading and subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a geographic name not used to an established heading.

The National level record requirement for this field is Mandatory if applicable.

Field 451 is repeatable.

Guidelines for applying content designators:

The content designators identify the subelements occurring in geographic name headings constructed according to generally accepted cataloging and thesaurus-building conventions [e.g., Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR 2), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)].

Jurisdiction names (including those that are ecclesiastical entities) alone or followed by subject subdivisions are X51 geographic names.

A corporate name, a form subheading, a title of a work, and/or a city section name entered under the name of a jurisdiction are contained in the X10 fields.

Geographic names used in phrase subject headings (e.g., Iran in the Koran) are contained in the X50 fields.

A geographic name that is authorized for use only as a subject subdivision part of an extended subject heading is contained in a 181 (Geographic Subdivision) field.

For indicator and subfield code definitions and examples, National level (NLR) record requirements, and designator repeatability, see table below:

Position	Description	NLR	Repeatability
Field 451	See From Tracing - Geographic Name	A	R
Indicator:
First	Undefined; contains a blank	M
Second	Undefined; contains a blank	M

Subfield code:
$a	Geographic name	M	NR
$g	Miscellaneous information	A	R
$i	Relationship information	current - A earlier - A	R
$v	Form subdivision	A	R
$w	Control subfield	A	NR
	/0 Special relationship	O
	/1 Tracing use restriction	O
	/2 Earlier form of heading	O
	/3 Reference display	O
$x	General subdivision	A	R
$y	Chronological subdivision	A	R
$z	Geographic subdivision	A	R
$4	Relationship	O	R
$5	Institution to which field applies	A	R
$6	Linkage	A	NR
$8	Field link and sequence number	O	R

See: Examples for this field.

Input conventions:

Ambiguous headings (what is considered a "geographic" name)

Punctuation

Spacing

Display constant for X51 fields

Display constants for cross references

Content designator history:

Second Indicator - Nonfiling characters [obsolete]: The second indicator position was made obsolete in fields 151, 451, and 551 in 1993. The values were: 0-9 (Number of nonfiling characters present).

Subfield $b - Name following place as entry element [obsolete]: Subfield $b was made obsolete in fields 151, 451, and 551 in 1987. A city section name entered under the name of a jurisdiction is contained in an X10 field. Records created before this change may contain an X51 field with a subfield $b for this type of name.

Subfield $g - Miscellaneous information [new, 2014]

Subfield $i - Reference instruction phrase [redefined, 2009]: Subfield $i was renamed Relationship information and broadened to include relationship designations in addition to textual reference phrases. The subfield was changed from Not repeatable (NR) to Repeatable (R).

Subfield $w/0 - Print constant code [redefined, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]: The following values were redefined: g (Full name), h (Real name), and i (Real name (reputedly)). The following values were made obsolete: j (Name originally), k (Name in religion), l (Secular name), m (Stage name of), o (Variant name), p (Abbreviated name), q (Official name), r (Broader term), s (Narrower term), x (Print constant generated from tag value), and z (Text carried in subfield $i).

Subfield $w/0 - Special relationship

Code r - Relationship information in subfield $i or $4 [new, 2009]

Subfield $w/1 - Tracing use restriction

Code h - No reference structures [new, 2007]

Subfield $w/2 - Earlier form of heading

Code x - Tracing is not the form of heading established under earlier cataloguing rules [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Subfield $w/3 - Reference display

Code e - Note only generated from the tracing [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Code i - Invisible see from reference [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Code x - Reference is generated from the tracing [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Subfield $w/4 - Formerly established heading code [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]: The following values were defined: d (Formerly accepted heading replaced by the heading in the 1XX field), s (Formerly accepted heading replaced by other headings, one of which is in the 1XX field), and x (Not a formerly accepted heading).

Subfield $4 - Relationship code [new, 2009]

Subfield $4 - Relationship code [renamed, 2017] [redescribed, 2017]: Subfield $4 was renamed to Relationship and redescribed to allow for the recording of relationship URIs in addition to MARC and non-MARC codes.

LC Guidelines:

451 See From Tracing - Geographic Name

Tracings and References - 4XX Fields [General Information]