046 Special Coded Dates

Field definition and scope:

Field 046 contains date of item information that either cannot be recorded in 008/06-14 (Type of date/Publication status; Date 1; Date 2) because such information involves one or more Before Common Era (B.C.E.) dates, incorrect dates, dates when resources have been modified or created, and date spans when resources are valid, or is recorded here in addition to appearing in 008/06-14.

When field 046 is used for B.C.E. dates, 008/06 is set to code b (No dates given; B.C.E. date involved) and each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains a # (blank).

When field 046 is used for incorrect dates, field 008/06 is coded for the type of corrected data and fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contain correct dates.

The National level record requirement for this field is Optional.

Field 046 is repeatable.

Guidelines for applying content designators:

The guidelines on how to transcribe a date in subfields $b, $c, $d, and $e are generally the same as those specified under 008/06 (Type of date/Publication status), 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2), except that incorrect dates and B.C.E. dates may be recorded only in field 046.

Precedence of codes (monographic items): When more than one code applies to the date(s) related to a bibliographic item, use the table below to determine the appropriate code to use. The codes listed in each column are in precedence order, with codes listed first taking precedence over codes listed subsequently. Note that the left column covers single part items and multipart items completed in one year. The right column covers multipart items for which a span of dates is required.

Single part and multipart items complete in one year	Collections and multipart items complete in more than one year
r Reissue and original date	i Inclusive dates
s Single date	k Bulk dates
p Distribution and production dates	r Reissue and original dates
t Publication and copyright dates	m Multiple dates
x Incorrect dates	t Publication and copyright dates
q Questionable date	x Incorrect dates
n Unknown date	n Unknown date

For indicator and subfield code definitions and examples, National-level (NLR) and Minimal-level (MLR) record requirements, and designator repeatability, see table below:

Position	Description	NLR	MLR	Repeatability
Field 046	Special Coded Dates	O	O	R
Indicator:
First	Type of entity	M
#	No information provided	A
1	Work	A
2	Expression	A
3	Manifestation	A

Second	Undefined; contains a blank	M

Subfield code:
$a	Type of date code Codes (linked to 008/06 definitions): i Inclusive dates of collection k Bulk of collection m Multiple dates n Unknown date p Distribution/release/issue and production/recording session dates q Questionable date r Reissue and original dates s Single known/probable date t Publication and copyright dates x Incorrect dates	A	O	NR
$b	Date 1, B.C.E. date	A	O	NR
$c	Date 1, C.E. date	A	O	NR
$d	Date 2, B.C.E. date	A	O	NR
$e	Date 2, C.E. date	A	O	NR
$j	Date resource modified	A	O	NR
$k	Beginning or single date created	A	O	NR
$l	Ending date created	A	O	NR
$m	Beginning of date valid	A	O	NR
$n	End of date valid	A	O	NR
$o	Single or starting date for aggregated content			NR
$p	Ending date for aggregated content			NR
$x	Nonpublic note			R
$z	Public note			R
$2	Source of date	A	O	NR
$3	Materials described			NR
$6	Linkage	A	O	NR
$8	Field link and sequence number	O	O	R

Input conventions:

Length of date

Preferred order of subfields

Content designator history:

Field 046 - Special Coded Dates [redescribed, 2016]: Field 046 was redescribed to clarify that dates recorded in 008/06-14 may additionally be recorded in field 046.

In 2002, field 046 was redefined as a repeatable field.

In 1999, field 046 was renamed from Type of Date Code, Date 1, Date 2 (B.C. Dates) to Special Coded Dates.

First Indicator - Type of entity [new, 2021]

Values # - No information provided [new, 2021]

1 - Work [new, 2021]

2 - Expression [new, 2021]

3 - Manifestation [new, 2021]

Subfield $a - Type of date code

Code c - Actual date and copyright date (BK CF MP MU VM) [obsolete]: Prior to the definition of code t (Publication date and copyright date) in 1995, code c was used. The use of code c for publication date and copyright dates was made obsolete to provide for only one definition of code c (Serial item currently published) for use in 008/06 (Type of date/Publication status).

Subfields $b - Date 1, B.C. date [renamed, 2016]

$d - Date 2, B.C. date [renamed, 2016]

$j - Date resource modified [new, 2002]

$k - Beginning or single date created [new, 2002]

$k - Beginning or single date created [redescribed, 2016]: Redescribed to clarify that dates contained in subfield $k may also be coded elsewhere in the formats.

$l - Ending date created [new, 2002]

$m - Beginning of date valid [new, 2002]

$n - End of date valid [new, 2002]

$o - Single or starting date for aggregated content [new, 2013]

$p - Ending date for aggregated content [new, 2013]

$x - Nonpublic note [new, 2021]

$z - Public note [new, 2021]

$2 - Source of date [new, 2002]

$3 - Materials specified [new, 2021]