DCM Z1: 046 Special Coded Dates
General:
Best practice: When encoding date information, give the fullest information about the date that is readily available. (The date in field 046 may be more precise than a date used in the 100 subfield $d.) When revising existing authority records, record dates in field 046 even if the heading itself does not have dates in 100 subfield $d, when the information is readily available.
When recording dates in field 046, use the Extended Date Time Format (EDTF) schema in all cases except for centuries; supply dates using the pattern yyyy, yyyy-mm, yyyy-mm-dd. See date table in LC-PCC PS 9.3.1.3. For the full EDTF specification, see https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/.
Examples:
046 ## $f 1884-10-11 $g 1962-11-07 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Roosevelt, Eleanor, $d 1884-1962
670 ## $a When you grow up to vote, 1932: $b t.p. (Eleanor Roosevelt (Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt))
670 ## $a Wikipedia, viewed on July 21, 2010 $b (Eleanor Roosevelt; Anna Eleanor Roosevelt; born Oct. 11, 1884 in New York City in Manhattan; died Nov. 7, 1962)
046 ## $f 1946-06 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Vickers, Roy Henry, $d 1946-
670 ## $a Solstice, c1988: $b t.p. (Roy Henry Vickers) jkt. (native Indian artist; b. June, 1946, Greenville, British Columbia)
046 ## $k 1981 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Allende, Isabel. $t Casa de los espiritus
670 ## $a Cox, Karen Castellucci. Isabel Allende, 2003: $b p. 4-5 (in 1981 Allende began writing a fictionalized version of stories she had heard growing up, which was published in Spain in 1982)
046 ## $s 194X $2 edtf
100 1# $a Hicks, Johnny $c (Saxophonist)
670 ## $a Bryant, W. Blues around the clock [SR] 1945: $b label (Johnny Hicks, tenor sax)
670 ## $a Discogs website, May 27, 2021 $b (Johnny Hicks; tenor sax player who performed with Tab Smith in the 1940s)
When recording B.C. dates in the 046 field, precede the digits by a hyphen (minus sign). Because there is no year "zero" in the common era calendar, subtract one year from the actual B.C. date, e.g., the year 50 B.C. is recorded -0049.
Example:
046 ## $s -0199~ $2 edtf
100 0# $a Hellanicus $c (Grammarian), $d active approximately 200 B.C.
670 ## $a Brill's new Pauly, viewed on Aug. 2, 2011 $b (Hellanicus; Alexandrian grammarian; ca. 200 BC)
When recording a century in the 046 field, use the first two digits of the hundred year span (e.g., use "16" to represent the 17th century, 1600-1699).
Example:
046 ## $s 17
100 1# $a Turner, Elizabeth, $d active 18th century
670 ## $a Cohen, A.I. Int'l encycl. of women composers, 2nd ed. $b Turner, Elizabeth, 18th cent. English composer)
Note that the 1st century A.D. is represented by value "00" and B.C. centuries have a hyphen (minus sign) before the digits (e.g., "-04" for the 5th century B.C.). An approximate century (e.g., active approximately 12th century) cannot be recorded in the 046 field.
Repeatability:
Field 046 is repeatable, but the 046 subfields used to record the dates are not repeatable. Generally, one 046 field with dates conforming to the EDTF schema should be sufficient. However, century dates follow the ISO 8601 standard, not EDTF. When recording century dates in addition to more precise dates, it is therefore necessary to repeat the 046 field.
Conflicting dates:
In some situations, resources consulted may present conflicting dates (e.g., conflicting birth or death dates for a person, or start or end dates for a corporate body). In these situations, the 046 field should reflect the cataloger’s evaluation of the conflicting date information. It is not necessary to record all the conflicting dates using field 046, nor is it necessary to give a 046 field for each resource consulted. Evaluation of the conflicting dates should generally result in a single 046 field, containing the date(s) the cataloger judges to be most accurate in representing the entity. At the cataloger’s discretion, the date(s) recorded in that 046 field may incorporate the conflicting date information and need not correspond exactly to the date(s) selected for the authorized access point.
Similarly, any dates added to the authorized access point should reflect the cataloger’s evaluation of the conflicting date information, recorded in conformance with the instructions in RDA and the LC/PCC Policy Statements. If one date predominates in the resources consulted, that date may be considered the most appropriate to use in the authorized access point. If a single date does not predominate, the cataloger may decide to use the “approximately yyyy”, “yyyy?”, or “yyyy or yyyy” format in the authorized access point. In some cases, dates corresponding to the period of activity of the person (RDA 9.19.1.5) may be considered the best choice.
Examples:
046 ## $f -0156~ $g -0085-01-13 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Marius, Gaius, $d approximately 157 B.C.-86 B.C.
670 ## $a Enc. Brit., 1980 $b (Marius, Gaius; b. ca. 157 B.C.; d. 1/13/86 B.C.)
670 ## $a Enc. Amer., 1980 $b (Marius, Gaius; Roman general; b. ca. 155 B.C.; d. 1/13/86 B.C.)
670 ## $a Collier's enc., 1981 $b (Marius, Gaius; 157-86 B.C.)
670 ## $a Dictionary of African Biography, accessed February 25, 2014, via Oxford African American Studies Center database: $b (Marius, Gaius; foreign military officer, political figure; born c. BCE 157 […] died 13 January BCE 86)
[Cataloger has chosen 157 B.C. as the approximate date of birth in both the authorized access point and field 046 because it occurs most frequently in the sources consulted.]
046 ## $f 1907-05-12 $g 2003-06-29 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Hepburn, Katharine, $d 1907-2003
670 ## $a A life in pictures, 1998: $b CIP t.p. (Katharine Hepburn) galley (Katharine Houghton Hepburn, b. May 12, 1907)
670 ## $a Contemporary theatre, film & television, c1996 $b (Katharine Houghton Hepburn, b. Nov. 9, 1909 in Hartford, Conn.)
670 ## $a Biog. resource center, July 2, 2003 $b (Katharine Hepburn (American actress, 1907-2003) ; Contemp. authors: Katharine (Houghton) Hepburn; b. May 12, 1907, Hartford, Conn.; d. June 29, 2003, Old Saybrook, Conn.; Complete Marquis who’s who: Katharine Hepburn; b. May 12, 1907, Hartford, Conn.)
670 ## $a IMDb, July 2, 2003 $b (Katharine Hepburn; b. May 12, 1907, Hartford, Conn.; d. June 29, 2003, Old Saybrook, Conn.)
670 ## $a Wikipedia, 29 July 2019 $b (Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12, 1907-June 29, 2003) was an American actress […])
[Cataloger has chosen 1907 as the date of birth in both the authorized access point and field 046 because it occurs most frequently in the sources consulted.]
046 ## $f [1907-05-12, 1909-11-09] $g 2003-06-29 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Hepburn, Katharine, $d 1907-2003
[Same example as above, reflecting a different decision the cataloger might have made for recording 046 subfield $f.]
Because the 046 field will be based on information from multiple sources, justification cannot be accurately expressed in subfield $v/$u at the end of the 046 field. The conflicting dates should be recorded in 670 fields. If an existing record has subfield $v/$u as 046 field justification, and the 046 field is being updated as described above, the subfield $v/$u should be removed, and the justification converted to a 670 field, if the conflicting dates are not already justified in an existing 670 field.
Uncertain dates resulting from date calculations:
In some situations, a calculation may be required to determine which dates to record in the 046 field and the authorized access point. Such calculations may result in uncertain dates.
If the consulted resources provide only the person’s date of death and their age (in years) at the time of death, as often happens with obituaries, their year of birth will correspond to one of two consecutive years. To calculate those years, first subtract the age from the year of death, then use the resulting year plus its preceding year as the two alternatives for the year of birth.
Example:
046 ## $f [1778, 1779] $g 1862 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Burgess, William, $d 1778 or 1779-1862
670 ## $a Two sermons, preached in the parish church of Kirby-Le-Soken, Essex ... 1834: $b t.p. (Rev. William Burgess, B.D., vicar of the parish)
670 ## $a Venn, J.A. Alumni Cantabrigienses $b (Burgess, William; d. 29 Apr. 1862, aged 83, Thorpe, England; vicar)
[Cataloger subtracted 83, the age at death, from 1862, the year of death; the resulting year, 1779, and the year preceding it, 1778, represent the two possible alternatives for the year of birth.]
If non-Gregorian dates are found in consulted resources, uncertain dates may result from calendar conversion differences. Gregorian calendar dates are used in the 046 field and authorized access point. A single date in a non-Gregorian calendar may correspond to one of two Gregorian dates.
Example:
046 ## $f [1719, 1720] $g 1771-02-07 $2 edtf
100 1# $a Murādī, ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad, $d 1719 or 1720-1771
670 ## $a Murādī, ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad. al-Rawḍ al-rāʼiḍ fī ʻadam ṣiḥḥat nikāḥ ahl al-Sunnah lil-Rawāfiḍ, 2013: $b title page ([…] born 1132 H in Damascus, died 22 Shawwāl, 1184 H)
[The Hijri calendar date 1132 H converts to either 1719 or 1720 in the Gregorian calendar. The Hijri calendar date 22 Shawwāl 1184 H converts to February 7, 1771 in the Gregorian calendar.]
Subfield $2 - Source of date scheme:
Always use subfield $2 edtf except after a century.
Subfields $q - Establishment date, $r - Termination date, $s - Start period, and $t - End period
Until further notice do not use subfield $q or $r. Continue to use subfield $s and subfield $t for start and end periods for corporate bodies.
Before subfields $q, $r, $s, and $t can be used in authority records as defined in the current MARC 21 Authority Format, a programmatic change to the subfield coding of many existing name authority records must be made. Announcements will be made when the NACO nodes have implemented the new subfields and the legacy records have been changed.
For instructions on using $s and $t for start and end periods in fields 368 and 370-376, see the instructions provided in the 373 field.
Subfield $u - Uniform Resource Identifier and Subfield $v - Source of information:
The following represents PCC practice on recording sources of information in $u and $v in fields where they are defined, and/or in field 670:
1. 670s must be used to support information used as part of a heading in 1XX and 4XX fields.
2. For fields 046, 368, 370-378, and 381:
a. Use of $v is optional if the same information/source is already cited in the 670.
b. Use $v if the information/source is not cited in a 670.
c. Use of $u is optional, and should always be preceded by $v.
Use a 670 field if needed to justify information recorded in other fields for which subfields $u and/or $v are not defined or defined differently.
Subfield $v - Source of information:
Follow the same basic citation principles when recording data in subfield $v (Source of information) of fields 046, 368, 370-378, and 381 that currently apply to field 670 subfield $a (Source citation).
Supply specific citation information (page number, sub-page of website) in subfield $v if, in the cataloger's judgment, this greater specificity is needed to find the information within the source cited.
If the information in fields 046, 368, 370-378, and 381 is in the same form as found in the source, there is no need to cite usage information. If the information recorded in those fields is in a different form from that in the source, use 670 $b (Information found).
For tangible sources:
If the information was derived from a tangible source (e.g., a print book, removable digital media) subfield $v should contain sufficient information for a cataloger to find the item cited in a catalog or bibliographic database. This can usually be limited to title proper and imprint or date. If that combination is not unique, the title citation may be preceded by the creator's name.
For online resources:
Provide information sufficient to find the resource via a search engine. Include either title and publication date (if it is a formally-published resource, such as an e-book) or a suitable description of the document and date accessed (for a less formal resource). Optionally include subfield $u.
Example:
100 1# $a Lazzarini, Sérgio G.
372 ## $a Industrial relations $2 lcsh $v Lazzarini, Sergio G. CV-English, viewed Feb. 22, 2012 $u http://www.sergiolazzarini.insper.edu.br/indexelazza.html
670 ## $a Capitalismo de laçeos, 2011: $b t.p. (Sérgio G. Lazzarini)
For more information on DCM Z1 Instructions, select: