400 See From Tracing - Personal Name

Field definition and scope:

Field 400 contains a tracing for a personal name see from reference. It is used in an established heading record or an established heading and subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a personal name not used to an established heading.

The National level record requirement for this field is Mandatory if applicable.

Field 400 is repeatable.

Guidelines for applying content designators:

The content designators identify the subelements occurring in a name or name/title heading that contains a personal name constructed according to the generally accepted cataloging and thesaurus-building rules [e.g., Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR 2), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)].

Personal names used in phrase subject headings (e.g., John, the Baptist, Saint, in the Koran) are contained in the X50 fields.

For indicator and subfield code definitions and examples, National level (NLR) record requirements, and designator repeatability, see table below:

Position	Description	NLR	Repeatability
Field 400	See From Tracing - Personal Name	A	R
Indicator:
First	Type of personal name entry element	M
0	Forename	A
1	Surname	A
3	Family name	A

Second	Undefined; contains a blank	M

Subfield code:
$a	Personal name	M	NR
$b	Numeration	A	NR
$c	Titles and other words associated with a name	A	R
$d	Dates associated with a name	A	NR
$e	Relator term	O	R
$f	Date of a work	A	NR
$g	Miscellaneous information	A	R
$h	Medium	O	NR
$i	Relationship information	current - A earlier - A	R
$j	Attribution qualifier	O	R
$k	Form subheading	A	R
$l	Language of a work	A	NR
$m	Medium of performance for music	A	R
$n	Number of part/section of a work	A	R
$o	Arranged statement for music	A	NR
$p	Name of part/section of a work	A	R
$q	Fuller form of name	A	NR
$r	Key for music	A	NR
$s	Version	A	R
$t	Title of a work	A	NR
$v	Form subdivision	A	R
$w	Control subfield	A	NR
	/0 Special relationship	O
	/1 Tracing use restriction	O
	/2 Earlier form of heading	O
	/3 Reference display	O
$x	General subdivision	A	R
$y	Chronological subdivision	A	R
$z	Geographic subdivision	A	R
$4	Relationship	O	R
$5	Institution to which field applies	A	R
$6	Linkage	A	NR
$8	Field link and sequence number	O	R

See: Examples for this field.

Input conventions:

Ambiguous headings (what is considered a "personal" name)

Punctuation

Spacing

Display constant for X00 fields

Display constants for cross references

Content designator history:

First Indicator - Type of personal name entry element

Values 1 - Single surname [redefined]

2 - Multiple surname [obsolete]

In 1996, the first indicator value 2 (Multiple surname) was made obsolete. Value 1 (Single surname) was redefined as Surname to be used for headings with either single or multiple surnames.

Second Indicator - Nonfiling characters [obsolete]: The second indicator position was made obsolete in fields 100, 400, and 500 in 1993. The values were: 0-9 (Number of nonfiling characters present).

Subfield $g - Miscellaneous information [changed, 2014]: In 2014, subfield $g was made repeatable.

Subfield $i - Reference instruction phrase [redefined, 2009]: Subfield $i was renamed Relationship information and broadened to include relationship designations in addition to textual reference phrases. The subfield was changed from Not repeatable (NR) to Repeatable (R).

Subfield $j - Attribution qualifier: In 2000, subfield $j was defined for attribution information for names when the responsibility is unknown, uncertain, fictitious, or pseudonymous.

Subfield $s - Version [changed, 2017]: Subfield $s was made repeatable.

Subfield $w/0 - Print constant code [redefined, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]: The following values were redefined: g (Full name), h (Real name), and i (Real name (reputedly)). The following values were made obsolete: j (Name originally), k (Name in religion), l (Secular name), m (Stage name of), o (Variant name), p (Abbreviated name), q (Official name), r (Broader term), s (Narrower term), x (Print constant generated from tag value), and z (Text carried in subfield $i).

Subfield $w/0 - Special relationship

Code r - Relationship information in subfield $i or $4 [new, 2009]

Subfield $w/1 - Tracing use restriction

Code h - No reference structures [new, 2007]

Subfield $w/2 - Earlier form of heading

Code x - Tracing is not the form of heading established under earlier cataloguing rules [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Subfield $w/3 - Reference display

Code e - Note only generated from the tracing [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Code i - Invisible see from reference [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Code x - Reference is generated from the tracing [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]

Subfield $w/4 - Formerly established heading code [obsolete, 1997] [CAN/MARC only]: The following values were defined: d (Formerly accepted heading replaced by the heading in the 1XX field), s (Formerly accepted heading replaced by other headings, one of which is in the 1XX field), and x (Not a formerly accepted heading).

Subfield $4 - Relationship code [new, 2009]

Subfield $4 - Relationship code [renamed, 2017] [redescribed, 2017]: Subfield $4 was renamed to Relationship and redescribed to allow for the recording of relationship URIs in addition to MARC and non-MARC codes.

LC Guidelines:

400 See From Tracing - Personal Name

Tracings and References - 4XX Fields [General Information]